2011-4-6 I have learn the basic of blender. Now i'm going to make a good animation for my CFR. I have 1 bench import to RCT3 as a normal custom scenery. But I have a problem. I have of the side of the bench a fenching. But in RCT3 don't see jou. It's fenching+with. And it's not of two sides. I wil a fench by the intamin drop tower from SR3d. The 80° first drop of RMC 'Untamed' @ Walibi Holland is looking amazing already, even if it's from a distance.
Industry | Manufacturing |
---|---|
Founded | 1967[1] |
Founder | Robert Spieldiener Reinhold Spieldiener Alfons Saiko |
Headquarters | , |
7 | |
Area served | Worldwide |
Products | Amusement rides, roller coasters, transportation |
Divisions | Intamin Amusement Rides Intamin Transportation |
Website | www.intaminworldwide.com |
Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau, Switzerland. It is best known for creating thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide. The Intamin brand name is an abbreviation for international amusement installations. The company has offices throughout the world including three in Europe, three in Asia and two in the United States.
Intamin is a major player in the amusement park attractions industry, supplying some 22 different styles of rides to a variety of parks. The company has installed a total of 70 coasters in several countries around the globe. Intamin designed and built the first river rapids ride known as Thunder River based on the idea supplied by Bill Crandall, a past General Manager at the now defunct AstroWorld. Intamin also marketed the first Freefall (developed by Giovanola) experience and the first drop tower.
- 1Products and technologies
- 1.1Amusement rides
Products and technologies[edit]
Intamin's product range is in two broad categories, Rides and Thrill Rides, and Transportation.
Amusement rides[edit]
Roller coasters[edit]
Intamin was amongst the first to create a magnetic propulsion system (linear induction/synchronous motor) and remains one of only a handful of manufacturers continuing to use such technology on roller coasters. Intamin also created the first hydraulic launch system (also known as the Accelerator), which is now being used to catapult roller coaster trains from standstill to speeds upward of 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) in a few seconds before climbing up immense heights. Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure, for instance, is North America's tallest and fastest coaster, launching riders from 0–128 mph (206 km/h) in 3.5 seconds.
Intamin is also known for its massive Mega and Giga Coasters, Intamin's terms for a hypercoaster. Intamin Giga and Mega Coasters currently occupy three of the top five Golden Ticket Awards with perennial favorites Millennium Force, Superman the Ride and Expedition GeForce.[2]
Intamin uses computerized and industrialized engineering and manufacturing methods for its wooden coasters, rather than traditional on site fabrication.[3] Coasters such as Colossos at Heide Park, Balder at Liseberg and El Toro at Six Flags Great Adventure utilized this manufacturing technique. Unlike other traditional wood coasters, these rides use prefabricated track sections made of a high-strength wooden laminate that can be secured on-site when the superstructure is completed. This design enables the coaster to reach speeds and navigate course elements smoothly, like a steel roller coaster, while retaining the look and some of the traditional feel of common wooden coasters.[3]
Another recent roller coaster development by Intamin is the ZacSpin, a type of 4th Dimension roller coaster that was first seen in 2007. Kirnu at Linnanmäki in Finland was the first ZacSpin in the world and opened on April 27, 2007.[4] It has individual cars, each with 8 seats, arranged in two pods coming off the sides of the car, each with 2 seats facing forward and two facing backward. This car is either lifted to the highest point by a conventional chain lift, or propelled around the course at a constant speed by a Linear Motor system.
The company is known for being the original home to the famous (within the coaster world) Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M). The two engineers worked for Giovanola who in turn were frequently contracted by Intamin for their early stand-up roller coasters (Giovanola eventually started producing roller coasters independently). B&M broke away from Giovanola to form their own company which now supplies roller coasters as well. Similarities between the two companies are often obvious, such as the style of track used by B&M, which was used in a number of early Giovanola installations which were contracted by Intamin.
Ferris wheels[edit]
Intamin brokered a number of rides that were manufactured by Waagner-Biro. These included a series of rides for Marriott Corporation, each comprising a vertical column supporting multiple horizontal arms, with each arm supporting a Ferris wheel. The first was Giant Wheel which operated at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania from 1973 until 2004. Similar Intamin supplied Waagner-Biro wheels included Zodiac (Kings Island, Mason, Ohio) and Scorpion (Parque de la Ciudad, Buenos Aires, Argentina). All are now defunct.
Sky Whirl, the world's first triple Ferris wheel, which debuted at both Marriott's Great America parks (now Six Flags Great America, Gurnee, Illinois, and California's Great America, Santa Clara) in 1976, was also manufactured by Waagner-Biro and brokered by Intamin. Also known as a triple Ferris wheel,[5] Triple Giant Wheel,[6] or Triple Tree Wheel, it was 33 metres (108 ft) in height.[7] The Santa Clara ride, renamed Triple Wheel in post-Marriott years, closed on 1 September 1997. The Gurnee ride closed in 2000.[8]
The Orlando Eye, which opened in April 2015, was designed and built by Intamin.[9]
Transportation[edit]
Outside the amusement realm, Intamin supplies monorailtransportation systems which are used in both public transport networks and at tourist attractions across the world. Intamin was responsible for the design and building of the Moscow Monorail (Russian: Московская Монорельсовая Транспортная Система (ММТС)), which is 4.7 kilometres (2.9 mi) long and is located in the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia, running from the Timiryazevskaya metro station to Sergeya Eisensteina street. Planning of the monorail started in 1998. It has six stations.
In 2016, the Ashgabat Monorail in Turkmenistan was opened using Intamin equipment.[10]
Safety incidents[edit]
Intamin has been in the news for a number of safety-related incidents.
- In 1984, three passengers riding The Edge at Six Flags Great America were injured and briefly hospitalized. The ride experienced a malfunction that caused it to fall backward down the wrong shaft.[11]
- On June 9, 1991, 32-year-old Candy Taylor of Toledo, Ohio, fell to her death from Flight Commander, an Intamin Flight Trainer, located at Kings Island. Investigators determined that a design flaw in the seat divider could allow a rider to slide into an unoccupied seat and become free from the restraint. A coroner's report later revealed that the victim had a blood-alcohol level of 0.30 which may have also contributed. Speculation suggests the rider lost consciousness during the ride and slid out from the restraints.[12][13]
- On May 16, 1999, a 365 lb (166 kg) guest was unable to close his lap bar on the Ride of Steel roller coaster at Six Flags Darien Lake. As a result, he was ejected, fell approximately 9 feet as the ride went over a camel hump hill, and suffered serious injuries. He sued the park and the ride manufacturer for negligence and was awarded US$3.95 million.[14]
- In August 1999, a 12-year-old mentally disabled boy fell from the Drop Tower: Scream Zone at California's Great America and died. The victim's family claimed his harness was not locked properly. An investigation was inconclusive and no charges were filed.[15][16]
- In September 2001, a 40-year-old woman fell from the Perilous Plunge attraction at Knott's Berry Farm into the water, was hit by the boat, and died. An investigation showed that the 300 lb (140 kg) woman had loosened the safety restraints so she could fit more comfortably into the ride.[17]
- On April 16, 2004, a 16-year-old girl from Pontypool was killed after falling approximately 30 m (100 ft) from the top of the Hydro (now called Drenched) ride at Oakwood Leisure Park, Narberth, Pembrokeshire.[18] During a trial brought by the victim's family against Oakwood, a jury returned a narrative verdict stating that the victim died due to being improperly restrained.[19]
- The second incident of 2004 was on one of Intamin's mega coasters, Superman: Ride of Steel at Six Flags New England in Massachusetts. The ride, again with lap bar restraints, was dispatched with a cerebral palsy sufferer in the front seat, who died after being ejected from his seat. According to an investigation,[20] the ride operators were primarily to blame for not ensuring the rider was properly secured. Intamin was also partially blamed because the ride's safety system allowed the train to be dispatched without all the restraints properly secured.
- The third incident of 2004 happened on July 14 and involved one of Intamin's launched stratacoasters. Four people were injured while riding on Cedar Point's Top Thrill Dragster. The riders were struck by metal debris that sheared off the coaster's launch cable during launch. They were treated at the park's first aid station. Two were further treated at Firelands Regional Medical Center.[21]
- In June 2007, a 13-year-old girl lost both feet at the ankles on Superman: Tower of Power at Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom when a ride malfunction caused a cable to snap. She was brought to the hospital in critical condition[22] but survived and doctors were able to re-attach her right foot. The park was later fined $1,000 for not properly maintaining the ride. A settlement was later reached with Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom that will provide for her throughout her life.[23]
- On September 16, 2009, two guests were injured when a cable snapped on the Xcelerator roller coaster at Knott's Berry Farm. The 12-year-old victim had lacerations on his leg, while the adult victim complained of back injuries.[24]
- On April 29, 2010, a ride train on Expedition GeForce partially derailed from the track, fully occupied with passengers. Riders were stranded 20m in the air, with eight of them complaining of nausea and bruising.[25]
- On July 8, 2011, a 29-year-old guest was killed when he was ejected from the Ride of Steel roller coaster. The rider, an Iraq War veteran whose legs had been amputated, was on the front row of the roller coaster when he was thrown from the train during the course of the ride. Park officials stated that the ride was in proper mechanical order and that the various safety restraints were also working normally at the time of the incident, but that the attraction would remain closed pending an investigation.[26][27]
- On February 24, 2012, a 14-year-old girl died in an accident at Hopi Hari, Vinhedo, São Paulo State, Brazil. She fell from the La Tour Eiffel drop tower ride, suffered cranial trauma, and died on the way to hospital. Initial investigations suggested the possibility of mechanical failure in a restraint latch.[28]
- On July 24, 2012, the launch cable of the accelerator coaster Rita at Alton Towers, Staffordshire, UK, snapped during a morning test run. There were no passengers aboard at the time and no injuries occurred.[29]
- On July 19, 2013, a boat on the Shoot the Rapidslog flume at Cedar Point, rolled back down the ride's lift hill and flipped over, injuring seven, and was said to leave them stranded under water for a few minutes before park employees could get them out. Six were cleared by park medical staff, and one was examined at a local hospital before being released. The ride closed during the investigation. Cedar Point reopened the ride in May 2014.[30]
- On July 7, 2014, a teenager was killed after his harness sprung open on Inferno, a ZacSpin coaster at Terra Mítica in Benidorm, Spain.[31]
- On May 9, 2017, an 11-year-old girl Evha Jannath died from her injuries after she fell from the Splash Canyon ride and into the water at Drayton Manor Theme Park in England. The water ride has remained closed for the foreseeable future, following the HSE safety examination. [32]
Notable Intamin rides[edit]
Year | Accomplishment | Ride | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | First wooden coaster built by Intamin | American Eagle | Six Flags Great America |
|
1985 | First (and only) Spacediver coaster | Z-Force | Six Flags Great America, Six Flags Over Georgia, Six Flags Magic Mountain |
|
1997 | First coaster to go above 300 ft (90 m) First coaster to go 100 mph (160 km/h) | Tower of Terror II | Dreamworld |
|
1997 | First coaster with a structure to reach beyond 400 ft (120 m) | Superman: Escape from Krypton | Six Flags Magic Mountain |
|
1998 | First LIM-launched inverted coaster First Impulse shuttle coaster | Linear Gale | Tokyo Dome City |
|
1998 | First complete-circuit, LIM-launched inverted coaster | Volcano, The Blast Coaster | Kings Dominion |
|
2000 | First Giga Coaster (over 300 ft) First coaster to drop 300 ft (90 m) | Millennium Force | Cedar Point |
|
2000 | First LIM-launched Twisted impulse coaster | Possessed | Dorney Park |
|
2001 | First coaster to utilize a LIM launch hill | California Screamin' | Disney California Adventure Park |
|
2001 | First wooden coaster with prefabricated track | Colossos | Heide Park |
|
2002 | First coaster to do 10 inversions | Colossus | Thorpe Park |
|
2002 | First hydraulic catapult launch coaster | Xcelerator | Knott's Berry Farm |
|
2003 | First Strata coaster (over 400 ft) | Top Thrill Dragster | Cedar Point |
|
2004 | First accelerator coaster to feature inversions | Storm Runner | Hersheypark |
|
2005 | World's tallest coaster (2005–present); was world's fastest coaster (2005–2010) | Kingda Ka | Six Flags Great Adventure |
|
2007 | First 4th Dimension design ZacSpin Coaster by Intamin First Intamin coaster to include curved hydraulic chain lift hill | Kirnu | Linnanmäki |
|
2007 | Intamin's first Wing Rider[33] coaster | Furius Baco | PortAventura Park at PortAventura World |
|
2008 | At 97 degrees, steepest drop of all Intamin coasters | Fahrenheit | Hersheypark |
|
2008 | Record holder at the time for the steepest wooden coaster in the world Currently the highest, fastest, longest coaster in South Korea | T Express | Everland |
|
2010 | World's first freefall drop coaster | Thirteen | Alton Towers |
|
2010 | Current record holder for the world's fastest coaster | Formula Rossa | Ferrari World |
|
2011 | First ZacSpin built in the U.S. | Green Lantern: First Flight | Six Flags Magic Mountain | |
2014 | First Special Effects Coaster/Dark Ride Hybrid | Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts | Universal Studios Florida | |
2014 | First Drop Tower to tilt riders 90 degrees toward the ground | Falcon's Fury | Busch Gardens Tampa Bay |
|
2016 | Fastest multi-launch coaster (forward only) | Taron | Phantasialand |
|
2016 | Fastest multi-launch coaster (bi-directional) | Soaring with Dragon | Hefei Wanda Theme Park |
|
2017 | Fastest LSM-launch coaster | Red Force | Ferrari Land at PortAventura World |
|
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^https://www.intaminworldwide.com/our-history/
- ^'Cedar Point welcomes 2016 Golden Ticket Awards'(PDF). Amusement Today. September 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
- ^ abPan, Phil (2003). 'Colossos: Can a coaster be too good for itself'. RollerCoaster! Magazine. Vol. 24 no. 3. Mission, Kansas: American Coaster Enthusiasts. p. 24. ISSN0896-7261.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Kirnu (Linnanmäki (Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland))'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
- ^Need Six Flags Great America Tickets?Archived 2015-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^'Theme Park Timelines'. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18.
- ^Zoning Board Minutes - 10-25-00Archived March 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^'SKY WHIRL at Marriott's GREAT AMERICA parks'.
- ^360: Construction continues on the Orlando EyeArchived 2014-05-27 at Archive.today
- ^[1]
- ^'EVOLUTION OF CALIFORNIA'S AMUSEMENT RIDES SAFETY LAWS'. California Research Bureau, California State Library. 1997-08-01. Retrieved 2006-12-21.
- ^'DESPITE RECENT DEATHS, PARKS SAY RIDES ARE SAFE'. Deseret News. 1991-08-06. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^'Ride-Related Fatalities'(PDF). Emerson Associates. 2006-10-03. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^'Theme-park patron ejected from roller coaster'. 2004-03-12. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
- ^'Thrill ride lawsuits'. Courier-Journal. 23 June 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^'Drop Zone death: no charges, no explanation'. RideAccidents.com. 5 November 1999. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^'Ergonomics and a Deadly Ride on the 'Perilous Plunge''. 2001-11-06. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
- ^'Girl dies in 100ft rollercoaster fall'. BBC Wales News. 2004-04-16. Retrieved 2007-08-29.
- ^'Family unhappy after ride inquest'. BBC Wales News. 2006-05-19. Retrieved 2007-08-29.
- ^'Coaster riders question safety steps'.
- ^'Riders Injured on Top Thrill Dragster'. WTOL-TV. July 13, 2004. Retrieved July 31, 2006.
- ^'Teen's feet severed while on thrill ride - US news - Life - NBC News'. msnbc.com.
- ^Gordon Gibb (14 March 2011). 'Aftermath of a Horrific Amusement Park Accident'. lawyersandsettlements.com. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
- ^Scott Weber (2009-09-18). 'Caught on Tape: Coaster Attacks Two at Knott's Berry Farm'. NBC Los Angeles. Retrieved 2009-09-18.[dead link]
- ^Bild.de (29 April 2010). 'FULL STEAM OUT OF THE TRACK POPPED: AGONY IN THE ROLLER COASTER'.
- ^'Iraq War vet dies on Darien Lake Rollercoaster'. 9WSYR.com. 2011-07-08. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^'Double amputee Iraq war veteran dies after he was flung off roller coaster at 50 mph'. Daily Mail. Associated Newspapers Ltd. 2011-07-09. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^'Adolescente morre após acidente em parque de diversões no interior de SP'. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
- ^'Rita Launch Cable Snaps -> COASTER-net.com: Amusement Park and Roller Coaster News, Information, Photographs, & more!'. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31.
- ^Kara Sutyak (July 19, 2013). 'Person Released From Hospital After Cedar Point Ride Malfunction'. fox8.com. Local TV, LLC. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
- ^Gerard Couzens (8 July 2014). 'Teenager killed after being thrown from roller-coaster called Hell at Benidorm theme park'. mirror.
- ^'Girl, 11, dies after Drayton Manor theme park fall'. BBC.
- ^'Wing Rider Coaster'. Archived from the original on 2013-09-20. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
- ^ abc'Roller Coaster Search Results, Element=LSM launch, sorted by speed'. rcdb.com. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Intamin. |
This is a list of Intaminamusement rides. Some were supplied by, but not manufactured by, Intamin.[note 1]
- 2List of other attractions
List of roller coasters[edit]
As of 2019, Intamin has built 163 roller coasters around the world.[1]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown Formerly Lightning Bolt | Family Coaster | Granite Park MGM Grand Adventures | United States | Unknown 1993 to 2000 | Removed | [2] [3] |
Wilderness Run Formerly Jr. Gemini | Children's Coaster | Cedar Point | United States | 1979 | Operating | [4] |
American Eagle | Wooden Coaster | Six Flags Great America | United States | 1981 | Operating | [5] |
Montaña Rusa Infantil | Children's Coaster | Parque de la Ciudad | Argentina | 1982 | Closed | [6] |
Vertigorama | Sitting Coaster | Parque de la Ciudad | Argentina | 1983 | Closed | [7] |
Super Montaña Rusa Infantil | Children's Coaster | Parque de la Ciudad | Argentina | 1983 | Removed | [8] |
Bob | Swiss Bob | Efteling | Netherlands | 1985 | Operating | [9] |
Disaster Transport Formerly Avalanche Run | Swiss Bob | Cedar Point | United States | 1985 | Removed | [10] |
La Vibora Formerly Avalanche Formerly Sarajevo Bobsleds | Swiss Bob | Six Flags Over Texas Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 1986 1984 to 1985 | Operating | [11] [12] |
Woodstock Express Formerly Runaway Reptar Formerly Green Smile Mine Car Formerly Blue Streak Formerly Scooby Doo | Children's Coaster | California's Great America Splashtown Water Park | United States | 1987 1984 to 1986 | Operating | [13] [14] |
Unknown | Family Coaster | Al-Rawdah Sharaco Amusement Park | Saudi Arabia | 1988 | Removed | [15] |
Pegasus | Wooden Coaster | Efteling | Netherlands | 1991 | Removed | [16] |
Jupiter | Wooden Coaster | Kijima Kogen | Japan | 1992 | Operating | [17] |
Flashback Formerly Z-Force | Space Diver | Six Flags Magic Mountain Six Flags Over Georgia Six Flags Great America | United States | 1992 1988 to 1990 1985 to 1987 | Removed | [18] [19] [20] |
Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril Formerly Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril: à l'envers | Looping Coaster | Disneyland Paris | France | 1993 | Operating | [21] |
Dragon | Family Coaster | La Ronde | Canada | 1994 | Operating | [22] |
Shockwave | Stand-Up Coaster | Drayton Manor | United Kingdom | 1994 | Operating | [23] |
White Cyclone | Wooden Coaster | Nagashima Spa Land | Japan | 1994 | Closed | [24] |
Cobra Formerly Stand Up | Stand-Up Coaster | La Ronde Skara Sommarland | Canada | 1995 | Removed | [25] [26] |
Comet Express | Twist and Turn Coaster | Lotte World | South Korea | 1995 | Operating | [27] |
Family Coaster Formerly Viper | Family Coaster | Play Village | South Korea | 1995 | Operating | [28] |
Cop Car Chase Formerly Lethal Weapon Pursuit | Looping Coaster | Movie Park Germany | Germany | 1996 | Removed | [29] |
Skull Mountain | Family Coaster | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 1996 | Operating | [30] |
Tower of Terror II Formerly Tower of Terror | Reverse Freefall Coaster | Dreamworld | Australia | 1997 | Operating | [31] |
Mine Train Ulven | Family Coaster | Bakken | Denmark | 1997 | Operating | [32] |
Superman: Escape from Krypton Formerly Superman The Escape | Reverse Freefall Coaster | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 1997 | Operating | [33] |
Montanha Russa do Astronauta Formerly O Mundo da Xuxa Formerly Silverado | Family Coaster | Parque da Mônica | Brazil | 1997 | Operating | [34] |
Alpine Bobsled Formerly Rolling Thunder Formerly Sarajevo Bobsled | Swiss Bob | Great Escape Six Flags Great America Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 1998 1989 to 1995 1984 to 1988 | Operating | [35] [36] [37] |
Aska | Wooden Coaster | Nara Dreamland | Japan | 1998 | Removed | [38] |
Linear Gale | Impulse Coaster | Tokyo Dome City | Japan | 1998 | Removed | [39] |
Volcano, The Blast Coaster | Suspended Catapult Coaster | Kings Dominion | United States | 1998 | Closed | [40] |
Screamin' Delta Demon | Swiss Bob | Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park Opryland USA | United States | 1998 1984 to 1997 | Removed | [41] [42] |
Vurang | Twist and Turn Coaster | Hopi Hari | Brazil | 1999 | Operating | [43] |
Ride of Steel Superman - Ride of Steel | Mega Coaster | Six Flags Darien Lake | United States | 1999 | Operating | [44] |
Tornado | Suspended Looping Coaster | Parque de Atracciones de Madrid | Spain | 1999 | Operating | [45] |
Spiral Coaster Formerly Sky Plaza Comet | Spiral Coaster | Al-Sha'ab Leisure Park Sky Plaza | Kuwait | 2000 | Removed | [46] [47] |
Regina | Wooden Coaster | Tobu Zoo Park | Japan | 2000 | Operating | [48] |
Superman the Ride Formerly Bizarro Formerly Superman - Ride of Steel | Mega Coaster | Six Flags New England | United States | 2000 | Operating | [49] |
Millennium Force | Giga Coaster | Cedar Point | United States | 2000 | Operating | [50] |
Superman - Ride of Steel | Mega Coaster | Six Flags America | United States | 2000 | Operating | [51] |
Screaming Condor | Impulse Coaster | Leofoo Village Theme Park | Taiwan | 2001 | Operating | [52] |
Incredicoaster Formerly California Screamin' | Looping Coaster | Disney California Adventure | United States | 2001 | Operating | [53] |
Elf | Wooden Coaster | Hirakata Park | Japan | 2001 | Operating | [54] |
Colossos | Wooden Coaster | Heide Park | Germany | 2001 | Closed | [55] |
Tornado | Suspended Looping Coaster | Särkänniemi Amusement Park | Finland | 2001 | Operating | [56] |
Vertical Velocity Formerly V2 | Impulse Coaster | Six Flags Great America | United States | 2001 | Operating | [57] |
Vertical Velocity | Impulse Coaster | Six Flags Discovery Kingdom | United States | 2001 | Operating | [58] |
Expedition GeForce | Mega Coaster | Holiday Park | Germany | 2001 | Operating | [59] |
Sahara Twist | Twist and Turn Coaster | Leofoo Village Theme Park | Taiwan | 2002 | Operating | [60] |
Colossus | Looping Coaster | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 2002 | Operating | [61] |
Goliath | Mega Coaster | Walibi Holland | Netherlands | 2002 | Operating | [62] |
Wicked Twister | Impulse Coaster | Cedar Point | United States | 2002 | Operating | [63] |
Avalancha | Looping Coaster | Xetulul | Guatemala | 2002 | Operating | [64] |
Xcelerator | Accelerator Coaster | Knott's Berry Farm | United States | 2002 | Operating | [65] |
Future World Experience | Family Coaster | Mega Web | Japan | 2002 | Removed | [66] |
Balder | Wooden Coaster | Liseberg | Sweden | 2003 | Operating | [67] |
Half Pipe | Half Pipe Coaster | Särkänniemi Amusement Park | Finland | 2003 | Operating | [68] |
Thunder Dolphin | Mega Coaster | Tokyo Dome City | Japan | 2003 | Operating | [69] |
Top Thrill Dragster | Accelerator Coaster | Cedar Point | United States | 2003 | Operating | [70] |
Steel Venom | Impulse Coaster | Valleyfair | United States | 2003 | Operating | [71] |
Supersonic Odyssey | Looping Coaster | Berjaya Times Square Theme Park | Malaysia | 2003 | Operating | [72] |
Atlantis Adventure | Family Launch Coaster | Lotte World | South Korea | 2003 | Operating | [73] |
Storm Runner | Accelerator Coaster | Hersheypark | United States | 2004 | Operating | [74] |
Half Pipe | Half Pipe Coaster | Elitch Gardens | United States | 2004 | Operating | [75] |
Galaxy Express 999 | Family Launch Coaster | Aqua Park | Japan | 2005 | Removed | [76] |
Rita Formerly Rita - Queen of Speed | Accelerator Coaster | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 2005 | Operating | [77] |
Kanonen | Accelerator Coaster | Liseberg | Sweden | 2005 | Removed | [78] |
Kingda Ka | Accelerator Coaster | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 2005 | Operating | [79] |
Half Pipe | Half Pipe Coaster | Don Quijote | Japan | 2005 | Closed | [80] |
Skycar | Accelerator Coaster | Mysterious Island | China | 2005 | Operating | [81] |
Superman Escape | Accelerator Coaster | Warner Bros. Movie World | Australia | 2005 | Operating | [82] |
Raging Spirits | Looping Coaster | Tokyo DisneySea | Japan | 2005 | Operating | [83] |
Unknown Formerly Batman The Escape Formerly Shockwave | Stand-Up Coaster | Six Flags Darien Lake Six Flags AstroWorld Six Flags Great Adventure Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 2006 1993 to 2005 1990 to 1992 1986 to 1988 | In storage | [84] [85] [86] [87] |
Flight of the Phoenix | Looping Coaster | Harborland | China | 2006 | Operating | [88] |
10 Inversion Roller Coaster | Looping Coaster | Chimelong Paradise | China | 2006 | Operating | [89] |
Half Pipe | Half Pipe Coaster | Chimelong Paradise | China | 2006 | Operating | [90] |
Stealth | Accelerator Coaster | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 2006 | Operating | [91] |
Speed Monster | Accelerator Coaster | TusenFryd | Norway | 2006 | Operating | [92] |
Zaturn | Accelerator Coaster | Space World | Japan | 2006 | Removed | [93] |
El Toro | Wooden Coaster | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 2006 | Operating | [94] |
Surfrider | Half Pipe Coaster | Wet'n'Wild Water World | Australia | 2007 | Operating | [95] |
Kirnu | Ball Coaster | Linnanmäki | Finland | 2007 | Operating | [96] |
Desert Race | Accelerator Coaster | Heide Park | Germany | 2007 | Operating | [97] |
Maverick | Blitz Coaster | Cedar Point | United States | 2007 | Operating | [98] |
Furius Baco | Accelerator Coaster | PortAventura Park | Spain | 2007 | Operating | [99] |
Inferno | Ball Coaster | Terra Mítica | Spain | 2007 | Operating | [100] |
Mick Doohan's Motocoaster | Family Launch Coaster | Dreamworld | Australia | 2007 | Operating | [101] |
Euro-Star | Suspended Coaster | Gorky Park | Russia | 2008 | Removed | [102] |
Kawasemi | Mega-Lite | Tobu Zoo Park | Japan | 2008 | Operating | [103] |
T Express | Wooden Coaster | Everland | South Korea | 2008 | Operating | [104] |
Avatar Airbender | Half Pipe Coaster | Nickelodeon Universe inside the Mall of America | United States | 2008 | Operating | [105] |
Piraten | Mega-Lite | Djurs Sommerland | Denmark | 2008 | Operating | [106] |
Possessed Formerly Voodoo Formerly Steel Venom Formerly Superman Ultimate Escape | Impulse Coaster | Dorney Park Geauga Lake | United States | 2008 2000 to 2006 | Operating | [107] [108] |
Fahrenheit | Looping Coaster | Hersheypark | United States | 2008 | Operating | [109] |
Jet Rescue | Family Launch Coaster | Sea World | Australia | 2008 | Operating | [110] |
Fly Over Mediterranean | Mega-Lite | Happy Valley Chengdu | China | 2009 | Operating | [111] |
Senzafiato | Accelerator Coaster | Miragica | Italy | 2009 | Operating | [112] |
Tornado | Spinning Coaster | Bakken | Denmark | 2009 | Operating | [113] |
Insane | Ball Coaster | Gröna Lund | Sweden | 2009 | Operating | [114] |
iSpeed | Blitz Coaster | Mirabilandia | Italy | 2009 | Operating | [115] |
Mega-Lite | Mega-Lite | Happy Valley Shanghai | China | 2009 | Operating | [116] |
Mine Train Coaster | Family Coaster | Happy Valley Shanghai | China | 2009 | Operating | [117] |
Thirteen | Family Coaster | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 2010 | Operating | [118] |
Intimidator 305 | Giga Coaster | Kings Dominion | United States | 2010 | Operating | [119] |
RC Racer | Half Pipe Coaster | Walt Disney Studios Park | France | 2010 | Operating | [120] |
Formula Rossa | Accelerator Coaster | Ferrari World Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | 2010 | Operating | [121] |
Cheetah Hunt | Blitz Coaster | Busch Gardens Tampa | United States | 2011 | Operating | [122] |
Green Lantern: First Flight | Ball Coaster | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 2011 | Operating | [123] |
RC | Half Pipe Coaster | Hong Kong Disneyland | China Hong Kong | 2011 | Operating | [124] |
Surfrider | Half Pipe Coaster | Atallah Happy Land Park | Saudi Arabia | 2012 | Operating | [125] |
Skyrush | Wing Coaster | Hersheypark | United States | 2012 | Operating | [126] |
Divertical | Water Coaster | Mirabilandia | Italy | 2012 | Operating | [127] |
Juvelen | Family Launch Coaster | Djurs Sommerland | Denmark | 2013 | Operating | [128] |
Maceraperest | Family Coaster | İsfanbul | Turkey | 2013 | In Storage | [129] |
U-shaped Roller Coaster | Half Pipe Coaster | Victory Kingdom | China | 2013 | Closed | [130] |
Crazy Coaster | Looping Coaster | Loca Joy Holiday Theme Park | China | 2013 | Operating | [131] |
Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts | SFX Coaster | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 2014 | Operating | [132] |
Nefeskesen | Blitz Coaster | İsfanbul | Turkey | 2014 | Operating | [133] |
Altair Formerly Altair CCW-0204 | Looping Coaster | Cinecittà World | Italy | 2014 | Operating | [134] |
Inferno Formerly Darkmare | Family Coaster | Cinecittà World | Italy | 2014 | Operating | [135] |
Euro Express | Looping Coaster | Romon U-Park | China | 2015 | Operating | [136] |
Red Fire | Blitz Coaster | ViaSea | Turkey | 2015 | Operating | [137] |
Family Coaster | Family Coaster | ViaSea | Turkey | 2015 | Operating | [138] |
Hydro Racer | Water Coaster | Xishuangbanna Theme Park | China | 2015 | Operating | [139] |
Typhoon Coaster | Water Coaster | Land of Legends Theme Park | Turkey | 2016 | Operating | [140] |
Flying Aces | Wing Coaster | Ferrari World Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | 2016 | Operating | [141] |
Coaster Through the Clouds | Mega Coaster | Nanchang Wanda Park | China | 2016 | Operating | [142] |
Taron | Blitz Coaster | Phantasialand | Germany | 2016 | Operating | [143] |
Soaring with Dragon | LSM Launch Coaster | Hefei Wanda Theme Park | China | 2016 | Operating | [144] |
Red Force | Accelerator Coaster | Ferrari Land | Spain | 2017 | Operating | [145] |
Turbo Track Formerly Vortex | Unknown | Ferrari World Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | 2017 | Operating | [146] |
Wave Breaker: The Rescue Coaster | Family Launch Coaster | SeaWorld San Antonio | United States | 2017 | Operating | [147] |
DrageKongen | Suspended Family Coaster | Djurs Sommerland | Denmark | 2017 | Operating | [148] |
Velikoluksky Miasokombinat-2 | Looping Coaster | Wonder Island | Russia | 2017 | Operating | [149] |
Light Speed | Mega-Lite | Visionland | China | 2017 | Operating | [150] |
Yukon Quad | Family Launch Coaster | Le Pal | France | 2018 | Operating | [151] |
Rex's Racer | Half Pipe Coaster | Shanghai Disneyland | China | 2018 | Operating | [152] |
Speed | Water Coaster | Energylandia | Poland | 2018 | Operating | [153] |
Hyperion | Mega Coaster | Energylandia | Poland | 2018 | Operating | [154] |
Unknown | Unknown | Dream Island | Russia | 2018 | Under construction | [155] |
Steel Dolphin | Blitz Coaster | Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park | China | 2018 | Operating | [156] |
Fast And Furry-ous | Suspended Family Coaster | Warner Bros. World Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | 2018 | Operating | [157] |
Highway Boat | Unknown | Sun World Danang Wonders | Vietnam | 2018 | Under construction | [158] |
Paradise Fall | Family Launch Coaster | Sun World Danang Wonders | Vietnam | 2018 | Operating | [159] |
Unknown | Looping Coaster | Movie Animation Park Studios Hopi Hari | Malaysia | 2019 | Under construction | [160] [161] |
Unknown Formerly Monte Makaya | Looping Coaster | Mirabilandia Terra Encantada | Brazil | 2019 1998 to 2010 | Under construction | [162] [163] |
Unknown | Blitz Coaster | Chengdu Wanda City | China | 2019 | Under construction | [164] |
Unknown | Unknown | Ocean Paradise | China | 2019 | Under construction | [165] |
Unknown | Unknown | Ocean Paradise | China | 2019 | Under construction | [166] |
Unknown | Looping Coaster | Ankapark | Turkey | 2019 | Under construction | [167] |
Unknown | Family Launch Coaster | Ankapark | Turkey | 2019 | Under construction | [168] |
Unknown | Unknown | Happy Valley Nanjing | China | 2019 | Under construction | [169] |
Dual Dragons | Unknown | Guangzhou Wanda Theme Park | China | 2019 | Under construction | [170] |
Unknown | Unknown | Guangzhou Wanda Theme Park | China | 2019 | Under construction | [171] |
Taiga | Blitz Coaster | Linnanmäki | Finland | 2019 | Under construction | [172] |
Unknown | Impulse Coaster | Chongqing Wanda Theme Park | China | 2019 | Under construction | [173] |
Unknown | Half Pipe Coaster | Nickelodeon Universe Theme Park inside the American Dream Meadowlands | United States | 2019 | Under construction | [174] |
Sandy's Blasting Bronco | Unknown | Nickelodeon Universe Theme Park inside the American Dream Meadowlands | United States | 2019 | Under construction | [175] |
Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure | Unknown | Universal Studios Islands of Adventure | United States | 2019 | Operating | [176] |
Unknown | Unknown | Busch Gardens Williamsburg | United States | 2020 | Under construction | [177] |
Mission Kepler | Unknown | Futuroscope | France | 2020 | Under construction | [178] |
Unknown | Mega Coaster | Walibi Belgium | Belgium | 2021 | Under construction | [179] |
Unknown | Unknown | Parc Astérix | France | 2021 | Under construction | [180] |
List of other attractions[edit]
Drop towers[edit]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acrophobia | Floorless Tilting Gyro Drop | Six Flags Over Georgia | United States | 2001 | Operating | [181] |
Apocalypse | Giant Drop | Drayton Manor Theme Park | United Kingdom | 2000 | Operating | |
AtmosFear | Ring Drop | Liseberg | Sweden | 2011 | Operating | [182] |
Big Tower | Giant Drop | Beto Carrero World | Brazil | 2002 | Operating | [181] |
Blue Fall | Giant Drop | Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise | Japan | 1998 | Operating | [181] |
Bungee Drop | Bungee Drop | Lotte World | South Korea | Unknown | Operating | |
Dalton Terror | Giant Drop | Walibi Belgium | Belgium | 1998 | Operating | [181] |
Drop Ride Formerly Pepsi Max Drop Ride | Giant Drop | Funland Amusement Park SegaWorld London (Funland) | United Kingdom | 2004 1996 to 2000 | Operating | |
Drop Tower: Scream Zone | Giant Drop | California's Great America | United States | 1996 | Operating | [181] |
Drop Tower: Scream Zone | Giant Drop | Canada's Wonderland | Canada | 1997 | Operating | [181] |
Drop Tower: Scream Zone | Giant Drop | Carowinds | United States | 1996 | Operating | [181] |
Drop Tower: Scream Zone | Ring Drop | Kings Dominion | United States | 2003 | Operating | |
Drop Tower: Scream Zone | Gyro Drop | Kings Island | United States | 1999 | Operating | |
El Vuelo del Fenix | Giant Drop | Terra Mítica | Spain | 2000 | Operating | |
Erawan | Giant Drop | Cinecittà World | Italy | 2014 | Operating | |
Falcon's Fury | Sky Jump | Busch Gardens Tampa | United States | 2014 | Operating | |
Fritt Fall | Giant Drop | Gröna Lund | Sweden | 1998 | Operating | [181] |
Giant Drop | Giant Drop | Six Flags Great America | United States | 1997 | Operating | [181] |
Golden Driller | Giant Drop | Fraispertuis City | France | 2017 | Operating | |
Gyro Drop | Gyro Drop | Lotte World | South Korea | 1998 | Operating | |
Superman: Tower of Power Formerly Hellevator | Giant Drop | Kentucky Kingdom | United States | 1995 | Removed | [181] |
High Fall | Floorless Tilting Gyro Drop | Movie Park Germany | Germany | 2002 | Operating | |
Hurakan Condor | Giant Drop | PortAventura Park | Spain | 2005 | Operating | [183] |
Ikaros | Sky Jump | Gröna Lund | Sweden | 2017 | Operating | |
La Tour Eiffel | Giant Drop | Hopi Hari | Brazil | 1999 | Inoperative | |
Lex Luthor: Drop of Doom | Giant Drop | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 2012 | Operating | |
Mystery Castle | Bungee Drop | Phantasialand | Germany | 1998 | Operating | |
Pitt Fall | Giant Drop | Kennywood | United States | 1997 | Removed | [181] |
Scream | Gyro Drop | Heide-Park | Germany | 2003 | Operating | |
Sky Drop | Giant Drop | Canton Tower | China | Unknown | Operating | |
Space Probe | Giant Drop | Wonderland Sydney | Australia | 1995 | Removed | [181] |
Space Vertigo | Giant Drop | Gardaland | Italy | 1998 | Operating | |
Superman: Tower of Power Formerly Dungeon Drop | Giant Drop | Six Flags St. Louis Six Flags AstroWorld | United States | 2006 1997 to 2006 | Operating | [184] |
The Giant Drop | Giant Drop | Dreamworld | Australia | 1997 | Operating | [181] |
Tower of Doom | Giant Drop | Elitch Gardens | United States | 1997 | Operating | [181] |
Voodoo Drop | Giant Drop | Six Flags America | United States | 1997 | Operating | |
Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom | Giant Drop | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 2014 | Operating |
Ferris wheels[edit]
All double and triple wheels listed below were manufactured by Waagner Biro AG and were supplied to the parks by Intamin.
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giant Wheel | Double Wheel | Hersheypark | United States | 1973 | Removed | [185][186][187] [188][189] |
Zodiac | Double Wheel | Wonderland Sydney Kings Island | Australia | 1989 1975 to 1986 | Removed | [190][191] [192][193] |
Scorpion | Double Wheel | Parque de la Ciudad | Argentina | 1982 | Removed | [194] |
Double Wheel | Double Wheel | Kuwait Entertainment City | Kuwait | 1984 | Removed | [195] |
Sky Whirl | Triple Wheel | California's Great America | United States | 1976 | Removed | [196] |
Sky Whirl | Triple Wheel | Six Flags Great America | United States | 1976 | Removed | [196] |
Tree Triple Wheel | Triple Wheel | Seibuen Amusement Park | Japan | 1985 | Removed | [197] |
Hydra | Triple Wheel | Lotte World | South Korea | 1989 | Removed | [197][198] |
Flume rides[edit]
Commonly known as Flume ride, Intamin refers to these rides as Flume Ride or Reversing Boat Ride.
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aguas Turbulentas Hidrovertigo | Flume Ride | Parque de la Ciudad | Argentina | 1987 | Closed | |
Autosplash | Flume Ride | Mirabilandia | Italy | 1992 | Operating | [181] |
Chiapas | Flume Ride | Phantasialand | Germany | 2014 | Operating | |
Dschungel X-pedition | Flume Ride | Legoland Deutschland | Germany | 2002 | Operating | |
Flume Ride | Flume Ride | Al-Rawdah Sharaco Amusement Park | Saudi Arabia | 1986 | Operating | [181] |
Flume Ride | Flume Ride | Lotte World | South Korea | 1986 | Operating | [181] |
Flume Ride | Flume Ride | Taejŏn Expo '93 (now Kumdori Land) | South Korea | 1993 | Operating | [181] |
Indiana River | Flume Ride | Bobbejaanland | Belgium | 1992 | Operating | [181] |
Mighty Mountain Flume Adventure | Flume Ride | Leofoo Village Theme Park | Taiwan | 1995 | Operating | [181] |
Over the Edge | Flume Ride | MGM Grand Adventures Theme Park | United States | 1993 | Removed | [181] |
Rio Bravo | Flume Ride | Parque Warner Madrid | Spain | 2002 | Operating | |
Shoot the Rapids | Flume Ride | Cedar Point | United States | 2010 | Removed | [199] |
Sissibo Sizzler Flume Ride Formerly Cariboo Log Chute | Flume Ride | Upper Clements Theme Park Expo 86 | Canada | 1989 1986 to 1988 | Operating | [181] |
Skull Mountain | Flume Ride | Six Flags America | United States | 1997 | Removed | |
The Big Splash | Flume Ride | Rainbow Springs | New Zealand | 2012 | Operating | [200] |
Valhalla | Flume Ride | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | United Kingdom | 2000 | Operating | |
Wild Water Slide | Flume Ride | Bobbejaanland | Belgium | 1980 | Operating |
Freefall rides[edit]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demon Drop | Freefall | Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom Cedar Point | United States | 2010 1983 to 2009 | Operating | |
Freefall | Freefall | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 1982 | Removed | |
Freefall | Freefall | Six Flags Over Georgia | United States | 1983 | Removed | |
Free Fall | Freefall | Nagashima Spa Land | Japan | 1983 | Operating | |
Free Fall | Freefall | Rusutsu Resort | Japan | Unknown | Operating | |
Free Fall | Freefall | Beto Carrero World | Brazil | Unknown | Operating | |
Free Fall | Freefall | Central Park | Japan | Unknown | Operating | |
Free Fall | Freefall | Tokyo Sommerland | Japan | Unknown | Operating | |
Hollywood Action Tower Formerly Drop of Doom | Freefall | Movieland Park Galaxyland, West Edmonton Mall | Italy | 2006 1985 to 2002 | Operating | |
Mr Hyde's Nasty Fall Formerly Freefall Formerly The Edge | Freefall | Geauga Lake Rocky Point Amusement Park Six Flags Great America | United States | 1996 1987 to 1995 1983 to 1986 | Removed | |
Stuntman's Freefall | Freefall | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 1983 | Removed | |
Sky Screamer | Freefall | Six Flags AstroWorld | United States | 1983 | Removed | |
Texas Cliffhanger | Freefall | Six Flags Over Texas | United States | 1982 | Imploded | |
The Edge | Freefall | California's Great America | United States | 1983 | Removed |
Observation towers[edit]
Gyro towers similar to those listed below that were built prior to 1971 did not involve Intamin and therefore should not be listed here. Well-known rides such as Cedar Point's Space Spiral, AstroWorld's Astroneedle and Coney's Space Tower were built by Willy Bühler Space Towers Company of Berne, Switzerland with cabins by Von Roll. In 1971 Intamin started marketing these towers and contracted these same companies to build them. Willy Bühler Space Towers was eventually acquired by Von Roll.
Name | Model | Parl | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carolina Skytower | Gyro 1200 | Carowinds | United States | 1973 | Operating | [201] |
Eiffel Tower | Elevator | Kings Dominion | United States | 1975 | Operating | [201] |
Eiffel Tower | Elevator | Kings Island | United States | 1972 | Operating | [201] |
Euro-Tower | Gyro 1000 | Europa-Park Floriade 1982 German National Garden Show Kassel Grun 80 (Horticultural Exhibit) | Germany | 1983 1982 1981 1980 | Operating | |
Flying Island | Flying Island | Gardaland | Itlay | 2000 | Operating | |
Gatlinburg Space Needle | Compact | Gatlinburg, Tennessee | United States | 1971 | Operating | [201] |
Infinnito | Gyro 1200 | Terra Mitica | Spain | 2007 | Operating | |
Island in the Sky | Flying Island | Legoland Florida | United States | 1982 | Closed | |
Kissing Tower | Gyro 1200 | Hersheypark | United States | 1973 | Operating | [201] |
La Gyrotour | Gyro 1500 | Futuroscope | France | 1989 | Operating | |
Lego Top | Gyro 1000 | Legoland Billund | Denmark | Unknown | Operating | |
Observation Tower | Gyro 1000 | Legoland Deutschland | Germany | 2002 | Operating | |
Observation Tower | Super Gyro | Legoland Malaysia | Malaysia | 2012 | Operating | |
Oil Derrick | Elevator | Six Flags Over Texas | United States | 1969 | Operating | [201] |
Pagode | Flying Island | Efteling | Netherlands | 1986 | Operating | |
Panoraama | Gyro 800 | Linnanmäki | Finland | 1986 | Operating | |
Panorama | Gyro 1000 | Heide Park | Germany | 1985 | Operating | |
Panoramic | Gyro 1000 | Plopsaland De Panne Floriade 1992 German National Garden Show Frankfurt | Belgium | 1993 1992 1989 | Removed | |
Star Tower | Gyro 1200 | California's Great America | United States | 1979 | Operating | [201] |
Sky Cabin | Gyro 1200 | Knott's Berry Farm | United States | 1974 | Operating | [201] |
Skyscraper | Gyro 1000 | Geauga Lake | United States | 1973 | Removed | [201] |
Sky Tower | Elevator | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 1971 | SBNO | [201] |
Sky Trek Tower | Gyro 1200 | Six Flags Great America | United States | 1977 | Operating | [201] |
Space Tower | Gyro 1000 | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | United Kingdom | 1972 | Operating | [201] |
Torre Espacial | Space Tower | Parque de la Ciudad | Argentina | 1985 | Operating | [201] |
Unknown | Flying Island | Ankara City Park | Turkey | 2016 | Operating | |
Unknown | Gyro 1000 | Aquarena Springs Stockbridge, Georgia | United States | 1974 1971 to 1973 | Removed | [201] |
Unknown | Flying Island | Ayameike Amusement Park | Japan | 1989 | Removed | |
Unknown | Gyro 1200 | Expo 86 | Canada | 1986 | Unknown | |
Unknown | Flying Island | Expo '90 | Japan | 1990 | Unknown | |
Unknown | Gyro 1500 | Hangzhou Paradise | China | 2006 | Closed | |
Unknown | Flying Island | Happy Valley Chengdu | China | 2009 | Operating | |
Unknown | Flying Island | Happy Valley Shanghai | China | 2009 | Operating | |
Unknown | Gyro 1500 | Heide Park | Germany | 1991 | Converted Now known as Scream | |
Unknown | Gyro 1200 | Kuwait Entertainment City | Kuwait | 1977 | Operating | [201] |
Unknown | Flying Island | Nabana no Sato Nagashima Spa Land | Japan | 2005 1990 to 2004 | Operating | |
Unknown | Flying Island | Nanchang Wanda Park | China | 2016 | Operating | |
Unknown | Gyro 1000 | Rhuddlan | United Kingdom | 1988 | Unknown | |
Unknown | Gyro 1000 | Rhyl Glasgow Garden Festival | United Kingdom | 1993 1987 to 1992 | Converted to a decorative beacon | [202] [203] |
Unknown | Gyro 1200 | Seibuen Park | Japan | 1986 | Operating | |
Unknown | Flying Island | Seibuen Park | Japan | 1996 | Removed | |
Unknown | Gyro 1300 | State Fair of Texas | United States | 2013 | Operating | |
Unknown | Gyro 1000 | Takarazuka Family Land | Japan | 1984 | Unknown |
River rapids rides[edit]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACME Rápidos | River Rapids | Parque Warner Madrid | Spain | 2002 | Operating | |
Alpin Rafting | River Rapids | Ravensburger Spieleland | Germany | 2006 | Operating | |
Aqua Ride | River Rapids | Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise | Japan | 1992 | Operating | |
Beaver Rafting | River Rapids | BonBon-Land | Denmark | 1998 | Operating | |
Bigfoot Rapids | River Rapids | Knott's Berry Farm | United States | 1988 | Operating | |
Canyon River Rapids | River Rapids | Hersheypark | United States | 1987 | Removed | |
Congo River Rapids | River Rapids | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 1986 | Operating | |
Congo River Rapids | River Rapids | Busch Gardens Tampa | United States | 1982 | Operating | |
Congo Rapids | River Rapids | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 1981 | Operating | |
Çılgın Nehir | River Rapids | Vialand | Turkey | 2013 | Operating | |
Dòng sông thử thách | River Rapids | Dragon Park Ha Long | Vietnam | 2017 | Operating | |
Donnerfluss | River Rapids | Holiday Park | Germany | 1984 | Operating | |
Drakkar | River Rapids | Rainbow Magicland | Italy | 2011 | Operating | |
Excalibur - Secrets of the Dark Forest Formerly Mystery River Formerly Neverending Story | River Rapids | Movie Park Germany | Germany | 1996 | Operating | |
Fjord-Rafting | River Rapids | Europa Park | Germany | 1991 | Operating | |
Fury of the Nile | River Rapids | Worlds of Fun | United States | 1984 | Operating | |
Grand Canyon Rapids | River Rapids | PortAventura Park | Spain | 1995 | Operating | |
Grand Canyon Rapids | River Rapids | MGM Grand Adventures Theme Park | United States | 1993 | Closed | |
Grand Rapids | River Rapids | Michigan's Adventure | United States | 2006 | Operating | |
Grizzly River Rampage | River Rapids | Opryland USA | United States | 1982 | Removed | |
Grizzly River Run | River Rapids | Disney California Adventure | United States | 2001 | Operating | |
Grizzly Run | River Rapids | Darien Lake | United States | 1989 | Operating | |
Hurjakuru | River Rapids | Linnanmäki | Finland | 1998 | Operating | |
Infinity Falls | River Rapids | SeaWorld Orlando | United States | 2018 | Operating | |
Jungle Adventure | River Rapids | Lotte World | South Korea | 1986 | Operating | |
Jungle Rapids | River Rapids | Gardaland | Italy | 1999 | Operating | |
Kali River Rapids | River Rapids | Disney's Animal Kingdom | United States | 1999 | Operating | |
Kallerado Rafting | River Rapids | Liseberg | Sweden | 1997 | Operating | |
Koskiseikkailu | River Rapids | Särkänniemi | Finland | 1999 | Operating | |
Mountain Rafting | River Rapids | Heide-Park | Germany | 1992 | Operating | |
Piraña | River Rapids | Efteling | Netherlands | 1983 | Operating | |
Radja River | River Rapids | Walibi Belgium | Belgium | 1988 | Operating | |
Radja River | River Rapids | Walibi Sud-Ouest | France | 1992 | Operating | |
Rampaging Rapids | River Rapids | Hunt's Pier | United States | 1985 | Removed | |
Raging Rapids | River Rapids | Kennywood | United States | 1985 | Operating | |
Raging River | River Rapids | Adventureland | United States | 1983 | Operating | |
Rapid River Ride | River Rapids | Dream Park | Egypt | 1998 | Operating | |
Rapidos de Argos | River Rapids | Terra Mítica | Spain | 2000 | Operating | |
Rapidos del Orinoco | River Rapids | Isla Mágica | Spain | 1997 | Operating | |
Rapids Ride Journey | River Rapids | Ocean Park Hong Kong | China Hong Kong | 2011 | Operating | |
Rio Bravo | River Rapids | Mirabilandia | Italy | 1992 | Operating | |
Rio Loco | River Rapids | SeaWorld San Antonio | United States | 1988 | Operating | |
Rip Roaring Rapids | River Rapids | California's Great America | United States | 1988 | Operating | |
Roaring Rapids | River Rapids | Six Flags Great America | United States | 1984 | Operating | |
Roaring Rapids | River Rapids | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 1981 | Operating | |
Roaring Rapids | River Rapids | Six Flags Over Texas | United States | 1983 | Operating | |
Roman Rapids | River Rapids | Busch Gardens Williamsburg | United States | 1988 | Operating | |
Romus et Rapidus | River Rapids | Parc Astérix | France | 1989 | Operating | |
Rumba Rapids | River Rapids | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 1987 | Operating | |
Shipwreck Rapids | River Rapids | SeaWorld San Diego | United States | 1999 | Operating | |
Snowy River Rampage | River Rapids | Wonderland Sydney | Australia | 1985 | Removed | |
Splash Canyon | River Rapids | Drayton Manor | United Kingdom | 1993 | Operating | |
The Gully Washer | River Rapids | Six Flags Fiesta Texas | United States | 1992 | Operating | |
Thunder Canyon | River Rapids | Cedar Point | United States | 1986 | Operating | |
Thunder River | River Rapids | Six Flags Over Georgia | United States | 1982 | Operating | |
Thunder River | River Rapids | Six Flags St. Louis | United States | 1983 | Operating | |
Thunder River | River Rapids | Six Flags AstroWorld | United States | 1980 | Removed | |
Vikings' River Splash | River Rapids | Legoland Billund | Denmark | 2006 | Operating | |
White Water Canyon | River Rapids | Canada's Wonderland | Canada | 1984 | Operating | |
White Water Canyon | River Rapids | Kings Dominion | United States | 1985 | Operating | |
White Water Canyon | River Rapids | Kings Island | United States | 1985 | Operating | |
Raging River | River Rapids | Great Escape | United States | 1986 | Operating |
Shoot the chute rides[edit]
Commonly known as Shoot the Chute, Intamin refers to these rides as Spillwater, Super Splash, Mega Splash or Hyper Splash.[204]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bermuda Triangle - Alien Encounter | Spillwater | Movie Park Germany | Germany | 1996 | Operating | |
Congo Falls | Spillwater | Kings Island | United States | 1988 | Operating | [181] |
Diamond Falls | Spillwater | Kings Dominion | United States | 1985 | Removed | [181] |
Drenched | Mega Splash | Oakwood Theme Park | United Kingdom | 2002 | Operating | |
Escape from Pompeii | Spillwater | Busch Gardens Williamsburg | United States | 1996 | Operating | [181] |
Fuga da Atlantide | Super Splash | Gardaland | Italy | 2003 | Operating | [205] |
Iguazu | Spillwater | Isla Mágica | Spain | 1997 | Operating | |
Jungle Splash | Spillwater | Etnaland | Italy | 2010 | Operating | |
La Furia de Triton | Spillwater | Terra Mítica | Spain | 2000 | Operating | |
Las Caratas Salvajes | Spillwater | Parque Warner Madrid | Spain | 2002 | Operating | |
Le Grand Splatch | Spillwater | Parc Astérix | France | 1989 | Operating | [181] |
Le Splash | Spillwater | La Ronde | Canada | 2004 | Operating | |
Los Fiordos Vikingos | Spillwater | Madrid's Theme Park | Spain | 1998 | Operating | |
Mega Tsunami | Spillwater | China Dinosaurs Park | China | 2011 | Operatingg | |
Monsoon | Spillwater | Worlds of Fun | United States | 1992 | Operating | [181] |
Monsoon Falls | Spillwater | Six Flags Discovery Kingdom | United States | 1998 | Operating | [181] |
Old Mill Scream | Spillwater | Opryland USA | United States | 1987 | Removed | [181] |
Perilous Plunge | Mega Splash | Knott's Berry Farm | United States | 2000 | Removed | |
Giraffica Formerly Pilgrims Plunge | Hyper Splash | Holiday World & Splashin' Safari | United States | 2009 | Removed | [206] |
Power Surge | Spillwater | Six Flags Fiesta Texas | United States | 1992 | Removed | [181] |
Shipwreck Falls | Spillwater | Darien Lake | United States | 2002 | Operating | |
Splash Boat | Spillwater | Dream Park | Egypt | 1998 | Operating | |
Thác hải tượng | Spillwater | Dragon Park Ha Long | Vietnam | 2017 | Operating | |
Tidal Wave | Spillwater | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 1989 | Operating | [181] |
Tsunami | Spillwater | Fantasilandia | Chile | 2007 | Operating | [207] |
Tutuki splash | Spillwater | PortAventura Park | Spain | 1995 | Operating | [181] |
Viking | Spillwater | Vialand | Turkey | 2013 | Operating | [208] |
Whitewater Falls | Spillwater | California's Great America | United States | 1990 | Operating | [181] |
Yucatán | Spillwater | Rainbow Magicland | Italy | 2011 | Operating | [181] |
Unknown | Spillwater | Space World | Japan | 1990 | Removed | [181] |
Other rides[edit]
Name | Model | Park | Country | Opened | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACME Rock n' Rocket | Looping Starship | Six Flags Over Texas | United States | 2006 | Removed | |
Adventures of Sindbad | Water Dark Ride | Lotte World | South Korea | 1986 | Operating | |
Aerovarvet | Looping Starship | Liseberg | Sweden | 1989 | Removed | |
Back to the Future: The Ride | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 1991 | Removed | [209] |
Back to the Future: The Ride | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Hollywood | United States | 1993 | Removed | |
Back to the Future: The Ride | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Japan | Japan | 2001 | Removed | |
The Simpsons Ride | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 2008 | Operating | |
The Simpsons Ride | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Hollywood | United States | 2008 | Operating | |
Berserker | Looping Starship | Kings Dominion | United States | 1984 | Operating | |
Sambesi Bootsfahrt | Tow Boat Ride | Hanover Zoo | Germany | 2000 | Operating | |
Bounty Formerly Bateau Ivre | Looping Starship | Walibi Belgium Zygofolis | Belgium | 1992 1987 to 1991 | Removed | |
Pirate's Revenge Formerly Bounty's Revenge | Looping Starship | Sunway Lagoon Wonderland Sydney | Malaysia | 2005 1985 to 2004 | Operating | |
Cinéma Dynamique | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Futuroscope | France | 1988 | Closed | |
Derren Brown's Ghost Train | VR Dark Ride | Thorpe Park | United Kingdom | 2016 | Operating | |
Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem | Maxi Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 2012 | Operating | |
Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem | Maxi Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Hollywood | United States | 2014 | Operating | |
Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem | Maxi Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Japan | Japan | 2017 | Operating | |
Dynamic Theatre | Dynamic Motion Theatre | Lotte World | South Korea | 1989? | Operating | |
Dinosaur | EMV | Disney's Animal Kingdom | United States | 1998 | Operating | |
Du thuyền nhiệt đới | Tow Boat Ride | Dragon Park Ha Long | Vietnam | 2017 | Operating | |
E.T. Adventure | Dark Ride | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 1990 | Operating | |
E.T. Adventure | Dark Ride | Universal Studios Hollywood | United States | 1991 | Removed | |
E.T. Adventure | Dark Ride | Universal Studios Japan | Japan | 2001 | Removed | |
Épidemaïs Croisières | Tow Boat Ride | Parc Astérix | France | 1989 | Operating | [210] |
Fata Morgana | Tow Boat Ride | Efteling | Netherlands | 1986 | Operating | |
Fatih’s Dream | Tow Boat Ride | Vialand | Turkey | 2014 | Operating | |
Goliath | Gyro Swing | Adventure World | Australia | 2017 | Operating | |
Galleon's Graveyard | Flying Dutchman | Wonderland Sydney | Australia | Unknown | Removed | |
Gold River Adventure | Tow Boat Ride | Walibi Belgium | Belgium | 1978 | Operating | |
Gondoletta | Tow Boat Ride | Efteling | Netherlands | 1981 | Operating | [210] |
Gondoletta | Tow Boat Ride | Luisenpark | Germany | 1975 | Operating | [210] |
Gondwanaland - Gamanile River | Tow Boat Ride | Leipzig Zoological Garden | Germany | 2011 | Operating | |
Great Gasp | Parachute 1200 | Six Flags Over Georgia | United States | 1976 | Removed | |
Great Six Flags Air Racer | Barnstormer | Six Flags Over Georgia | United States | 1976 | Removed | |
Great Six Flags Air Racer | Barnstormer | Six Flags Over Texas | United States | 1976 | Removed | |
Gyro Swing | Gyro Swing | Lotte World | South Korea | 2001 | Operating | |
H.M.B. Endeavor | Looping Starship | California's Great America | United States | 1987 | Operating | |
Holandes Volador | Flying Dutchman | Parque de la Ciudad | Argentina | 1984 | Closed | |
Hollywood Tour | Water Dark Ride | Phantasialand | Germany | 1990 | Operating | |
I Corsari | Water Dark Ride | Gardaland | Italy | 1992 | Operating | |
Kastel di Lendas | Water Dark Ride | Hopi Hari | Brazil | 1997? | Operating | |
Levitoscope | Levitoscope | Futuroscope | France | 1988 | Closed | |
Ice Age Adventure Formerly Looney Tunes Adventure | Water Dark Ride | Movie Park Germany | Germany | 1996 | Removed | |
It's a Small World | Water Dark Ride | Disneyland Paris | France | 1992 | Operating | |
Jaws | Dark Boat Ride | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 1990 | Removed | [209] |
Jet Scream | Looping Starship | Canada's Wonderland | Canada | 1990 | Removed | |
Jigu Maul (Global Village) | Water Dark Ride | Everland | South Korea | 1985 | Operating | |
Jimmy Neutron's Nicktoon Blast | Maxi Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 2003 | Removed | |
Jumpin' Jellyfish | Children Parachute Tower | Disney California Adventure Park | United States | 2001 | Operating | |
Jumpin' Jellyfish | Children Parachute Tower | Tokyo DisneySea | Japan | 2001 | Operating | |
Jungle Mission | Tow Boat Ride | Bellewaerde | Belgium | 1978 | Operating | [210] |
Marconi Express | Monorail | Bologna | Italy | Unknown | Operating | |
Maelstrom | Water Dark Ride | Epcot | United States | 1988 | Operating | |
Maelstrom | Gyro Swing | Drayton Manor | United Kingdom | 2002 | Closed | |
Minik Kaşifler | Water Dark Ride | Vialand | Turkey | 2013 | Operating | |
Monorail | Monorail | E-DA World | Taiwan | Unknown | Operating | |
Lazy River Boat Trip | Tow Boat Ride | Chester Zoo | United Kingdom | 2015 | Operating | |
Le Pays des Contes de Fées | Tow Boat Ride | Disneyland Paris | France | 1994 | Operating | |
Looping Starship | Looping Starship | Six Flags AstroWorld | United States | 1986 | Removed | |
Looping Starship | Looping Starship | Six Flags Over Georgia | United States | 1985 | Removed | |
Looping Starship | Looping Starship | Valleyfair | United States | 1985 | Operating | |
Looping Starship | Looping Starship | Yomiuriland | Japan | 1993? | Unknown | |
Looping Starship | Looping Starship | Tokyo Summerland | Japan | 1986? | Removed | |
Looping Starship | Looping Starship | Expo 86 | Canada | 1986 | Removed | |
Loke | Gyro Swing | Liseberg | Sweden | 2017 | Operating | |
Parachute Training Center: Edwards AFB Jump Tower Formerly Sky Chuter | Parachute 1200 | Six Flags Great Adventure Six Flags St. Louis | United States | 1983 1978 to 1982 | Operating | |
Pavillon de la Vienne | Maxi Motion Seat 2 | Futuroscope | France | 1994 | Operating | [209] |
Paysages d’Europe | Tow Boat Ride | Futuroscope | France | 1992 | Removed | [210] |
Perilous Pendulum | Looping Starship | Galaxyland | Canada | 1985 | Removed | |
Pharaoh's Fury | EMV | Lotte World | South Korea | Unknown | Operating | |
Phoenix | Looping Starship | Busch Gardens Tampa | United States | 1982 | Operating | |
Peter Pan's Flight | Dark Ride | Disneyland Paris | France | 1992 | Operating | |
Pirates of the Caribbean | Water Dark Ride | Disneyland Paris | France | 1992 | Operating | |
Pirate's Revenge Formerly Bounty's Revenge | Looping Starship | Sunway Lagoon Wonderland Sydney | Malaysia | 2005 1985 to 2004 | Operating | |
Power Dive | Looping Starship | Six Flags Great America | United States | 1987 | Removed | |
Sesame Street Spaghetti Space Chase | Dark Ride | Universal Studios Singapore | Singapore | 2013 | Operating | |
Silent Move | Monorail | Fort Fun Abenteuerland | Germany | 1994 | Removed | |
Simulador Virtual | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Parque de Atracciones de Madrid | Spain | 1996? | Operating | |
Sky Flower | Parachute 1200 | Tokyo Dome City | Japan | 1978 | Operating | |
Sky Jump | Parachute 1200 | Knott's Berry Farm | United States | 1976 | Removed | |
Slinky Dog Spin | Caterpillar Ride | Hong Kong Disneyland | China Hong Kong | 2011 | Operating | |
Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin | Caterpillar Ride | Walt Disney Studios Park | France | 2010 | Operating | |
Southern Star | Looping Starship | Carowinds | United States | 1986 | Operating | |
Space Shuttle | Looping Starship | Six Flags Great Adventure | United States | 1985 | Removed | |
Space Shuttle | Looping Starship | Nagashima Spa Land | Japan | 1994? | Removed | |
Space Shuttle America | Dynamic Motion Simulator | Six Flags Great America | United States | 1994 | Removed | |
Star Tours | Motion Simulator | Disneyland Paris | France | 1992 | Operating | |
Sultan’s Adventure Ride | EMV | Leofoo Village Theme Park | Taiwan | 2000 | Operating | |
Swan Boats | Tow Boat Ride | Alton Towers | United Kingdom | 1987 | Removed | [210] |
Templo de Kinetos | Maxi Motion Seat 4 | Terra Mítica | Spain | 2000 | Operating | |
Texas Chute Out | Parachute 1200 | Six Flags Over Texas | United States | 1976 | Removed | |
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera | Maxi Motion Simulator | Universal Studios Florida | United States | 1990 | Removed | [209] |
The Spectucalar 4D Adventure | Dynamic Motion Theatre | Gardaland | Italy | 1990 | Operating | |
The Claw | Gyro Swing | Dreamworld | Australia | 2004 | Operating | |
Tigeren | Gyro Swing | Djurs Sommerland | Denmark | 2019 | Under construction | |
Tom Sawyer Raft Ride | Tow Boat Ride | Blackpool Pleasure Beach | United Kingdom | 1974 | Removed | |
Top Gun Formerly Flight Commander | Flight Trainer | Flamingo Land Kings Island | United Kingdom | 1996 1990 to 1995 | Removed | |
Tow Boat | Tow Boat Ride | Dream Park | Egypt | 1998 | Operating | |
Toy Soldier Parachute Drop | Children Parachute Tower | Hong Kong Disneyland | China Hong Kong | 2011 | Operating | |
Toy Soldiers Parachute Drop | Children Parachute Tower | Walt Disney Studios Park | France | 2010 | Operating | |
Silent Move | Monorail | Fort Fun Abenteuerland | Germany | 1994 | Removed | |
Window of the World Monorail | Monorail | Window of the World | China | 1993 | Operating | |
Viking Fury | Super Bounty | Kings Island | United States | 1982 | Operating | |
Z-Force | Looping Starship | Six Flags Magic Mountain | United States | 1987 | Removed | |
Unknown | Barnstormer | Lotte World | South Korea | 1986 | Removed | |
Unknown | Barnstormer | Seibuen Amusement Park | Japan | 1976 | Removed | |
Unknown | Maxi Motion Seat 4 | Geroland | Egypt | 1997 | Unknown | |
Unknown | Tow Boat Ride | Familienpark Sottrum | Germany | 1983? | Removed | [210] |
Unknown | Tow Boat Ride | Adventure Island, Rohini | India | 2007? | Unknown | |
Unknown | Tow Boat Ride | Worlds of Wonder | India | 2007? | Unknown | |
Unknown | Looping Starship | Takarazuka Family Land | Japan | 1992? | Removed | |
Unknown | Looping Starship | Green Expo | Japan | 1990 | Removed | |
Unknown | Looping Starship | Seibuen Amusement Park | Japan | 1988? | Removed |
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Intamin was primarily a ride broker until around 1998. Prior to 1998 Intamin subcontracted all of their work, using suppliers such as Schwarzkopf GMBH, Waagner-Biro, Giovanola, Von Roll, Willy Buhler Space Towers and RCCA
References[edit]
- ^Intamin - rcdb.com
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Granite Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Lightning Bolt (MGM Grand Adventures)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Wilderness Run (Cedar Point)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'American Eagle (Six Flags Great America)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Montaña Rusa Infantil (Parque de la Ciudad)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Vertigorama (Parque de la Ciudad)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Super Montaña Rusa Infantil (Parque de la Ciudad)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Bob (Efteling)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Disaster Transport (Cedar Point)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'La Vibora (Six Flags Over Texas)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Sarajevo Bobsleds (Six Flags Magic Mountain)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Woodstock Express (California's Great America)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Scooby Doo (Splashtown Water Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Al-Rawdah Sharaco Amusement Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Pegasus (Efteling)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Jupiter (Kijima Kogen)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Flashback (Six Flags Magic Mountain)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Z-Force (Six Flags Over Georgia)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Z-Force (Six Flags Great America)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril (Disneyland Paris)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Dragon (La Ronde)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Shockwave (Drayton Manor)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'White Cyclone (Nagashima Spa Land)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Cobra (La Ronde)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Stand Up (Skara Sommarland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Comet Express (Lotte World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Family Coaster (Play Village)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Cop Car Chase (Movie Park Germany)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Skull Mountain (Six Flags Great Adventure)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Tower of Terror II (Dreamworld)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Mine Train Ulven (Bakken)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Superman: Escape from Krypton (Six Flags Magic Mountain)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Montanha Russa do Astronauta (Parque da Mônica)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Alpine Bobsled (Great Escape)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Rolling Thunder (Six Flags Great America)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Sarajevo Bobsled (Six Flags Great Adventure)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Aska (Nara Dreamland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Linear Gale (Tokyo Dome City)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Volcano, The Blast Coaster (Kings Dominion)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Screamin' Delta Demon (Old Indiana Fun-n-Water Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Screamin' Delta Demon (Opryland USA)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Vurang (Hopi Hari)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Ride of Steel (Six Flags Darien Lake)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Tornado (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Spiral Coaster (Al-Sha'ab Leisure Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Sky Plaza Comet (Sky Plaza)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Regina (Tobu Zoo Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Superman the Ride (Six Flags New England)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Millenium Force (Cedar Point)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Superman - Ride of Steel (Six Flags America)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Screaming Condor (Leofoo Village Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Incredicoaster (Disney California Adventure)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Elf (Hirakata Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Colossos (Heide Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Tornado (Särkännimie Amusement Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Vertical Velocity (Six Flags Great America)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Vertical Velocity (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Expedition GeForce (Holiday Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Sahara Twist (Leofoo Village Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Colossus (Thorpe Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Goliath (Walibi Holland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Wicked Twister (Cedar Point)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Avalancha (Xetulul)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Xcelerator (Knott's Berry Farm)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Future World Experience (Mega Web)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Balder (Liseberg)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Half Pipe (Särkänniemi Amusement Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Thunder Dolphin (Tokyo Dome City)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Top Thrill Dragster (Cedar Point)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Steel Venom (Valleyfair)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Supersonic Odyssey (Berjaya Times Square Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Atlantis Adventure (Lotte World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Storm Runner (Hersheypark)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Half Pipe (Elitch Gardens)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Galaxy Express 999 (Aqua Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Rita (Alton Towers)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Kanonen (Liseberg)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Kingda Ka (Six Flags Great Adventure)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Half Pipe (Don Quijote)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Skycar (Mysterious Island)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Superman Escape (Warner Bros. Movie World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Raging Spirits (Tokyo DisneySea)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Six Flags Darien Lake)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Batman The Escape (Six Flags AstroWorld)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Shockwave (Six Flags Great Adventure)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Shockwave (Six Flags Magic Mountain)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Flight of the Phoenix (Harborland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. '10 Inversion Roller Coaster (Chimelong Paradise)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Half Pipe (Chimelong Paradise)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Stealth (Thorpe Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Speed Monster (TusenFryd)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Zaturn (Space World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'El Toro (Six Flags Great Adventure)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Surfrider (Wet'n'Wild Water World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Kirnu (Linnanmäki)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Desert Race (Heide Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Maverick (Cedar Point)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Furius Baco (PortAventura Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Inferno (Terra Mítica)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Mick Doohan's Motocoaster (Dreamworld)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Euro-Star (Gorky Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Kawasemi (Tobu Zoo Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'T Express (Everland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Avatar Airbender (Nickelodeon Universe)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Piraten (Djurs Sommerland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Possessed (Dorney Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Steel Venom (Geauga Lake)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Fahrenheit (Hersheypark)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Jet Rescue (Sea World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Fly Over Mediterranean (Happy Valley Chengdu)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Senzafiato (Miragica)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Tornado (Bakken)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Insane (Gröna Lund)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'iSpeed (Mirabilandia)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Mega-Lite (Hapy Valley Shanghai)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Mine Train Coaster (Happy Valley Shanghai)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Thirteen (Alton Towers)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Intimidator 305 (Kings Dominion)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'RC Racer (Walt Disney Studios Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Formula Rossa (Ferrari World Abu Dhabi)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Cheetah Hunt (Busch Gardens Tampa)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Green Lantern: First Flight (Six Flags Magic Mountain)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'RC (Hong Kong Disneyland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Surfrider (Atallah Happy Land Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Skyrush (Hersheypark)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Divertical (Mirabilandia)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Juvelen (Djurs Sommerland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Maceraperest (İsfanbul)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'U-shaped Roller Coaster (Victory Kingdom)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Crazy Coaster (Loca Joy Holiday Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts (Universal Studios Florida)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Nefeskesen (İsfanbul)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Altair (Cinecittà World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Inferno (Cinecittà World)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Euro Express (Romon U-Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Red Fire (ViaSea)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Family Coaster (ViaSea)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Hydro Racer (Xishuangbanna Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Typhoon Coaster (Land of Legends Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Flying Aces (Ferrari World Abu Dhabi)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Coaster Through the Clouds (Nanchang Wanda Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Taron (Phantasialand)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Soaring with Dragon (Hefei Wanda Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Red Force (Ferrari Land)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Turbo Track (Ferrari World Abu Dhabi)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Wave Breaker: The Rescue Coaster (SeaWorld San Antonio)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'DrageKongen (Djurs Sommerland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Velikoluksky Miasokombinat-2 (Wonder Island)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Light Speed (Visionland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Yukon Quad (Le Pal)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Rex's Racer (Shanghai Disneyland)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Speed (Energylandia)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Hyperion (Energylandia)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Dream Island)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Steel Dolphin (Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Fast And Furry-ous (Warner Bros. World Abu Dhabi)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Highway Boat (Sun World Danang Wonders)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Paradise Fall (Sun World Danang Wonders)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Movie Animation Park Studios)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Hopi Hari)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Mirabilandia)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Monte Makaya (Terra Encantada)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Chengdu Wanda City)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Ocean Paradise)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Ocean Paradise)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Ankapark)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Ankapark)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Happy Valley Nanjing)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Dual Dragons (Guangzhou Wanda Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Guangzhou Wanda Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Taiga (Linnanmäki)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Chongqing Wanda Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Nickelodeon Universe Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Sandy's Blasting Bronco (Nickelodeon Universe Theme Park)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure (Universal Studios Islands of Adventure)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Mission Kepler (Futuroscope)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Walibi Belgium)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^Marden, Duane. 'Unknown (Parc Astérix)'. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahai'Reference List'. Intamin Product Catalog. Wollerau, Switzerland: Intamin A.G. 1998.
- ^Seifert, Jeffrey (2011). '2011 International Park Preview'. Amusement Today. 15 (2): 9.
- ^Slade, Gary (2005). 'Park Preview: Whatʼs New in 2005'. Amusement Today. 9 (2): 6.
- ^Slade, Gary (2006). 'Park Preview - North America: What's New in 2006'. Amusement Today. 10 (2): 16.
- ^Whitenack, Pamela (2006). Images of America — Hersheypark. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 109. ISBN978-0-7385-4609-4.
- ^Aurentz, Tim (March 12, 1973). 'Hersheypark - New Face, Same Fun'. Lebanon Daily News. p. 27.
- ^'Giant Wheel hub of new Hersheypark'. The Morning Herald. February 2, 1973.
- ^'Giant Wheel New Ride at Hershey'. Reading Eagle. February 4, 1973.
- ^'How Sweet It Is...At Hersheypark'. The Waco Citizen. December 6, 1973.
- ^'Kings Island Gate Price To Stay Same'. The Circleville Herald. Circleville, OH. March 14, 1975. p. 18.
- ^Rogers, Joel A. (2009). 'Kings Island (formerly Paramount's Kings Islands)'. Coaster Gallery. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
- ^'The Zodiac'. Wonderland History. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^'Wonderland Sydney Closure'. Parliament of New South Wales. 17 February 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^'Scorpion'. Organización por la Conservación del Parque de la Ciudad. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^'Kuwait Invasion: The Evidence - Entertainment City Exterior'. 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ abSky Whirl at Marriott's Great America parks
- ^ ab'Triple Wheel page from Intamin ride catalog |'. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ^'Lotte World opens 'Star Avenue''. The Korea Herald. March 30, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
- ^Seifert, Jeffrey (2010). '2010 North American Park Preview'. Amusement Today. 14 (2): 6–7.
- ^Seifert, Jeffrey (2012). '2012 International Park Preview'. Amusement Today. 16 (2): 9–10.
- ^ abcdefghijklmno'Reference list observation towers'. themeparkreview.com.
- ^'Take a look at Rhyl Sky Tower lit up as decorative beacon'. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
- ^'Rhyl Skytower may still have a future but not as a ride'. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
- ^'Intamin Water Rides'. Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
- ^Super Splash on intaminworldwide.com
- ^Seifert, Jeffrey (2009). '2009 North American Park Preview'. Amusement Today. 13 (2): 12–13.
- ^Mellnor, Andrew (2007). '2007 International Park Preview'. Amusement Today. 11 (2): 11.
- ^Intamin’s Vialand Compilation on intaminworldwide.com
- ^ abcd'Intamin'(PDF). Retrieved February 27, 2018.
- ^ abcdefg'Reference list water rides'. themeparkreview.com.
External links[edit]
- Listing of Intamin roller coasters at the Roller Coaster DataBase